ANSWERS OF CH 4 AGRICULTURE

                               ANSWERS OF   CH-4 AGRICULTURE

 MCQ'S

1. b) Agriculture
2.(a) Primary activity 
3.(c) Jhumming
4.(a) Primitive Subsistence Farming
5.(c) Rice

6.(c) Success of Green Revolution in the states

    growing rabi crops
7.(b) Muskmelon
8.(a) Sugarcane
9.(b) Millets—Jowar, bajra and ragi
10..(a) Jowar (c) Maize
11..(c) Pulses
12.(d) Sugarcane
13(c) Groundnut
14.(d) Tea and Coffee
15. (b) Plantation
16.(a) To restore its freshness
17,(c) Indian coffee is of good quality
18..(d) Fruits and Vegetables
19,(a) Cotton
20(d) Milk.

SHORT ANSWERS
ANS.1.Agriculture-The art and science of cultivating soil,raising crops and rearing livestock including fishing and forests.

1.Agriculture was given the top priority in five year plans.

2.The development of HYV seeds.

3.Several schemes for irrigation were undertaken ,and arid and semi arid areas.

4.Easy availability of capital bank facilities and low rate of interest.

 ANS2.This is a type of agriculture which involves growing and cash crop  processing of a single cash crop purely meant for sale.

FEATURES-:

1.It is a single crop farming .

2.It is a capital intensive farming.

3.it needs vast estates,managerial ability,technical know-how,sophisticated machinery,fertilizers,good transport facilities.

4.this type of agriculture  has developed in areas of north-eastern India sub Himalayan

Region,West Bengal,and Nilgiri.

Some planning crops are Rubber,tea,coffee,spices etc

 ANS3.M illets are coarse grains like Ragi, Bajra and Jowar.They are highly nutritious and are generally used by rural people. They can be grown in areas of low rainfall and low to medium fertile soils

ANS4. Pulses need less moisture and survive even in dry conditions. Being leguminous crops, all these crops except arhar help in restoring soil fertility by fixing nitrogen from the air. Therefore, these are mostly grown in rotation with other crops. Major pulse producing states in India are Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan,Maharasthraand Krantaka.

ANS5.Sericulture-: Rearing of silk worms for the production of silk fibre is known as sericulture.

Horticulture-:Cultivation of fruites and vegetables is called Horticulture.

India produces about 13 per cent of the world’s vegetables

ANS6.A farming in which main farming is consumed by the farmers house hold  is known as subsistence farming.

Reasons-:

1.old technology and traditional implements are used.

2.Agriculture fields are small farmers posses scartted land holdings.

3.Most of the farmers are poor and don’t use HYV seeds and fertilizers.

4.The overall productivity is low.

ANS7.

Rabi crops 1.Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June.  2.Some of the important rabi crops are wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard

Kharif crops 1.Kharif crops are grown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the country and these are harvested in September-October. 2.Important crops grown during this season are paddy, maize, jowar, bajra, tur (arhar), moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut and soyabean

ANS8.

Wheat 1.It is a rabi crop which requires a cool growing season and a bright sunshine at the time of ripening. 2.It requires 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall evenlydistributed over the growing season

Rice 1.It is a kharif crop which requires high temperature, (above 25°C) and high humidity 2.It requires annual rainfall above 100 cm. In the areas of less rainfall, it grows with the help of irrigation.

ANS9. India is the largest producer and exporter of tea in the world. The ideal climatic conditions for the production and growing of tea are as follows:

·         Temperature: 21°C to 29°C is ideal for the production of tea. High temperature is required in summer. The lowest temperature for the growth of tea is 16°C.

·         Rainfall: 150-250 cm of rainfall is required for tea cultivation.

·         Soil: Tea shrubs require fertile mountain soil mixed with lime and iron. The soil should be rich in humus.

·         Land: Tea cultivation needs well drained land. Stagnation of water is not good for tea plants. Heavy rainfall but no stagnancy of water, such mountain slopes are good for tea cultivation.

Major teaproducing states are Assam, hills of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Kerala.

    ANS10. Intitutional reforms made by a Government of India.

    1.consolidation of holdings.

     2.Abolition of Zamidari syatem.

     3. crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease, establishment of Grameen banks,       cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest.

ANS.11 TEMPRETURE; Sugarcane needs hot and humid climate with temprature ranging between 21 C to 27 C .Very high temprature slow its growth.while low temp slows its growth,It cannot withstand frost.cool temp is needed at the time of ripe ning.

RAINFALL-:It grows best in areas receiving 75 cm to 100cm of rainfall .Too heavy rainfall results in low sugar content.

SOIL-:Sugarcane grows  well drained fertile soil It can grows on variety of soils including black alluvial loamy and reddish loam

AREAS OF PRODUCTION- U.Pis the largest producer of sugarcane .The other states in ganga-plain are Bihar,Punjab and Harayana.
ANS-12
  RUBBER
   TEMPRATURE-: It is a of tropical forests and reqires  a constant high temp above 25 C      Thus the rubber tree  cannot be grown at high altitudes.

      RAINFALL-It needs heavy and well distributed rainfall throughout the year .The plant           needs rainfall more than 200cm

      SOIL-The plant requires alluvial or laterite soil.

MAIZE
TEMPRATURE-: It grows well under temp between 21 C and 27 C.
 RAINFALL-It grows well in  areas of 50-100 Cm of rain and in areas of less rain ,if grown under irrigation .
SOIL-:It requires well drained alluvial fertile soil or red loams free from coarse materials 
 LONG ANSWERS-:
ANS 1 Shifting agriculture
It is that type of agriculture in which farmers clear the forest land and use it  for growing crops
The crops are grown for 2 to 3 years, and when the fertility of soil decereas ,the farmers shifts to a new land ,dry paddy ,maize,millets,and vegetables are the crops commonly grown in this type of farming.
AREAS WHERE IT PRACTISED ARE-;
Bihar,Rajasthan,Odisha.
The main disadvantage of this type of farmin are-;

1. It leads to deforestation .
2. Farmers have to move place to place after two or three years.
3. The yield is low.
4. No cash crop are grown ANS 2

Intensive Subsistence Farming	Commercial Farming
In this type of farming, crops produced by the farmers are mainly consumed by their families. Surplus production is sold in the near by local markets. Crops mainly grown are: wheat, rice etc	In this kind of farming, crops are grown for commercial purposes, i.e. for selling in the local and international markets. Crops mainly grown are: tea, coffee, jute etc.
It is labour intensive farming.	Farming is mechanised and is prevalent in areas where farms are large and market economy is well developed.
In this kind of farming, more than one crop is cultivated in the agricultural field.	Generally one crop is cultivated

ANS 3.  

Cotton is soft pure cellulose fibre. India is one of the largest producers of cotton in the world. India also imports raw cotton for the cotton textile industry. The ideal conditions for the production of cotton are:

• Climate: Cotton grows well in warm and moist climate where summer is long and where there is salinity in the soil.
• Temperature: Cotton grown well in a temperature of 24°C. But cotton bursts out, high temperature is injurious.
• Rainfall: 60-100 cm rainfall is essential for the cultivation of cotton. But rainfall after the cotton comes out of the cocoon in injurious.
• Soil: Loamy soil mixed with lime and potash is good for cotton. Cotton grows well in Black Cotton Soil which is sticky in nature and has water retentive capacity.
• Land: Plain lands or gentle slope lands are good for cotton production. Drainage is necessary for the cultivation of cotton
• .Gujarat, Maharashtra, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, A.P. are the principle cotton producing states in India
• 
  
• ANS 4It is because there are many benefits for the jute industry:-

1. There is a proximity of jute producing areas near hugli basin.
2. There is enough water for processing of jute.
3. Big capitalists are around the city to encourage easy flow of capital.
4. There are also cheap labour available from Bihar and other states.
5. Transport facilities are also easily available there.

ANS 5(i) Technical inputs resulted in the green revolution in sixties and seventies of the twentieth century.
(ii) High yielding and early maturing variety of seeds have been used.
(iii) Instead of bio-fertilizers, chemical fertilizers are used.
(iv) Flooding of fields are replaced by drip irrigation and the use of sprinklers. White Revolution.
(i) The Dairy Development led to the white revolution or “Operation Flood”.
(ii) The dairy co-operation in the rural areas helped in rural development.
(iii) The National Milk Grid achieved Operation Flood.
(iv) Cross breed from foreign and native cattle have been developed

ANS 6-Wheat is the 2nd most important food crop of India. It is the crop of temperate region. In India it is grown in winter. It is more dependent on climate than soil. The geographical condition required for Wheat Cultivation are mentioned below:

1. Temperature: Wheat requires 14° to 18°C temperature. High temperature is harmful for the cultivation of wheat.
2. Rainfall: 50 cm to 100 cm rainfall is required for wheat cultivation. In the primary stage cold moisture rich climate and at the time of harvesting bright hot climate is required.
3. Soil: Fertile alluvial soil or mixed soil is ideal for wheat cultivation.
4. Land: Plain land or gentle slope is ideal for wheat cultivation
Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer of wheat following by Punjab, Hariyana, M.P., A.P., T.N. and Bihar